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太阳能公路?任重而道远!

作者: 发布时间:2017/3/31 上午8:49:36 查看次数:9638

如今随着矿产资源的枯竭,人们越来越多的开始致力发展清洁能源,比如风能、地热能、潮汐能、太阳能等等。其中,太阳能产业的发展也越来越受到重视。

本文所指的太阳能公路引是正在研究的一种新型公路。将玻璃制成的太阳能板彻底替换沥青路和停车场,公路不但承载着世界第一条太阳能公路在法国诺曼底小镇Tourouvre建成。

在法国Tourouvre-au-Perche北部地区的一个小镇上,全球首条太阳能公路Wattway正式进入试行阶段。

这条具备太阳能发电功能的公路全长1公里,2米宽,由2880块光伏电池板铺成,每天可发电767kWh,天气良好的话,即每年预计可发电280MWh。这意味着可供5000人口小镇的公共照明用电量。如果试行成功,小镇上所有路灯的用电量都由Wattway来提供。

当一块块太阳能电池板铺设好之后,再在上面铺设高强度的高分子透明塑料板,每天大约能承受2000辆小汽车和大卡车的反复碾压。

此外,这些塑料板透明度很高,可以让阳光充分照射太阳能电池板。这些塑料板十分牢固,而且并不十分光滑,可以保证汽车在上面快速驾驶而不打滑。遇到下雨天,特殊的构造可以让雨水迅速流走,而不会因为积水而影响汽车和行人的出行。这些道路中还安装了一些发光二极管,可以在阴天或夜晚亮起道路标志。道路中还有一些电热丝,在天寒地冻时利用太阳能加热,有效防止路面结冰或积雪。

但也有光伏专家认为,太阳能公路吸收阳光的效果不如屋顶铺设,因为屋顶可倾斜对着阳光,吸收阳光的效果更好。同等价格下,屋顶太阳能更实在。

据悉,Wattway铺设的总费用约为520万美元,产生同等电量,是屋顶太阳能的13倍,反对人士指出这项工程实际上很不划算。专家认为,该项目甚至10年之内都不可能推广实施,因为这项工程投入实在太大,按照现在的铺设成本,保守估计都得几百万亿美元。或许,只有大大降低太阳能电池板的成本,这项计划才可能真正实施。